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[勞思光] [許國宏] [呂健吉] [郭朝順] [黃冠閔] [伍至學] [龔維正] [陳振崑] [冀劍制] |
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黃冠閔之哲學教學網
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Plato 1. Republic VI & VI Book VI
506d-511e: the analogy between the Good
and the Sun sight
– light – sun (similarity): eyes= organ of sense that is the most like the
sun (508b) sun
= the child of the Good -> the sun for the visible world; the Good for
the intellectual world (mind, things of mind, 508c) soul
~ eye (508d) : the eyes depend on the illumination, while the soul is fixed on
truth to possess reason, but gets opinions when turning towards the twilight. Ontological
sense: the sun = author of visibility, of generation and nourishment and growth,
but himself not being generation the Good = author of knowledge, of their being and essence, yet the Good
is not essence, but far exceeds essence in dignity and power. (509b) the scales of beings, of
knowledges line analogy — of knowledges : 1) noesis: a)episteme, b)dianoia, 2) horata (doxasta) : c)pistis, belief; d)eikasias, imagi-nation ; － of beings : 1) noeta : a)eidos; b)mathematics; 2)doxa : c)material things; d)images, eikones Noeta area – 2 sciences : 1) deduction : descend from hypothesis to objects = geometry ; 2) ascend from hypothsis to priniciples = dialectics, from ideas, through ideas, ends in ideas, without the aid of any sensible object ; Book 514a-519b : the metaphor of cave 4 stages of spiritual liberation : 1) liberation from the enchained mode ; 2) ascendance ; 3) vision of the real world; 4) descent to the cave 4 sciences : arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, dialectics |