華梵大學哲學系９０年度期末考試

現象學

任選四題作答，每題25分：

一、翻譯下列文句：Focusing our experiencing gaze on our own psychic life necessarily takes place as reflection, as a turning about of a glance which had previously been directed elsewhere. Every experience can be subject to such reflection, as can indeed every manner in which we occupy ourselves with any real or ideal objects‑for instance, thinking, or in the modes of feeling and will, valuing and striving. [gaze, 注視；glance, 瞥見；strive, 努力，奮鬥]

二、為什麼胡賽爾在反省的意識中發現意向性的存在？

三、翻譯下列文字：A consistent epoche of the phenomenologist is required, if he wishes to break through to his own consciousness as pure phenomenon or as the totality of his purely mental processes. That is to say, in the accomplishment of phenomenological reflection he must inhibit every co‑accomplishment of objective positing produced in unreflective consciousness, and therewith [inhibit] every judgmental drawing‑in of the world as it "exists" for him straightforwardly. [epoche, 放入括號，擱置；inhibit, 禁止，防止]

四、被放入括號的世界（包含想像的、幻覺的世界）跟自然態度如何被現象學家所看待？被存而不論或擱置的部份是被取消的嗎？試說明之。

五、翻譯此段：If the phenomenological actual fact as such becomes irrelevant; if, rather, it serves only as an example and as the foundation for a free but intuitive variation of the factual mind and communities of minds into the a priori possible (thinkable) ones; and if now the theoretical eye directs itself to the necessarily enduring invariant in the variation; then there will arise with this systematic way of proceeding a realm of its own, of the "a priori." There emerges therewith the eidetically necessary typical form, the eidos. [intuitive, 直觀的；a priori, 先天；eidos, 本質]

六、胡賽爾認為系統性的現象學心理學有哪幾項工作？

七、試問，如果你某天遇到一個難解的心理困境（例如，憤怒、憂鬱、悲傷、挫折感、孤獨感、不確定的茫然等等），你可以用現象學方法來作一定程度的自我澄清嗎？試舉例並說明。

八、胡賽爾如何從靜態的現象學轉向動態的發生現象學，轉向先驗現象學？

Good luck!