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[勞思光] [許國宏] [呂健吉] [郭朝順] [黃冠閔] [伍至學] [龔維正] [陳振崑] [冀劍制] |
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黃冠閔之哲學教學網
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理性主義－期中考說明 本次期中考採取方式，總題數8題，包含簡答題與翻譯題，任選其中4題作答。 可以攜帶字典、資料來應考。 準備重點、範圍：《指導天賦的規則》rules for the direction of the mind，第一規則到第五規則。請熟讀規則本身，整理其中的論證過程，進而思考可以有助於知識、科學建立的可能方向。 華梵大學哲學系９０年度期中考試 課程：理性主義 Choose 4 questions to answer (in Chinese): 1. Please translate into Chinese and explain briefly the following passage abstracted from the rule 1: “For the sciences as a whole are nothing other than human wisdom, which always remains one and the same, however different the subjects to which it is applied, it being no more altered by them than sunlight is by the variety of the things it shines on. Hence there is no need to impose any restrictions on our mental powers; for the knowledge of one truth does not, like skill in one art, hinder us from discovering another; on the contrary it helps us.”
2.
In Rule
Two, Descartes had such formula: “We should attend only to those objects of which our minds
seem capable of having certain and indubitable cognition.”
And he reasoned out that: “So,
in accordance with this Rule, we reject all such merely probable cognition and
resolve to believe only what is perfectly known and incapable of being doubted.”.
How do you understand these phrases? 3. Why did Descartes say: “Of
all the sciences so far discovered, arithmetic and geometry alone are free from
any taint of falsity or uncertainty”? According
to this assertion, is there any possibility that philosophy is counted as “free
from falsity and uncertainty”? 4. How did Descartes define intuition and deduction? What are their difference and importance in acquiring a science? (You better give an example about these two knowledge faculties in contrast with the conjecture or belief.) 5. What is the relation between the directive rule (for the mind) and the method? 6. In Descartes’ Mind every science, i.e. knowledge is generally constituted in a process ascending from the simplest propositions up to the most complicated propositions. Do you think the epistemological form in Art or Literature satisfies this requirement? 7. Please translate this paragraph: “But many people either do not reflect upon what the Rule prescribes, or ignore it altogether, or presume that they have no need of it. They frequently examine difficult problems in a very disorderly manner, behaving in my view as if they were trying to get from the bottom to the top of a building at one bound, spurning or failing to notice the stairs designed for that purpose.” (Rule 5) 8. By the determinations of rules, Descartes gave a sketch of the foundation of science in the knowing subject. If the rules are therefore subjective, is Descartes still qualified as a rationalist? How? Why? (Hint to answer: is there contradictory in saying a man subjective and rational at the same time?) |