華梵大學； 哲學系首頁

[勞思光] [許國宏]  [呂健吉] [郭朝順] [黃冠閔] [伍至學] [龔維正] [陳振崑] [冀劍制]

黃冠閔之哲學教學網

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華梵大學哲學系９０年度期末考試

理性主義

任選四題作答，每題25分：

一、試論笛卡爾早期思想中規則的形成與主體性哲學之關連。

二、方法導論第二部份裡，笛卡爾如何用城鎮建築的比喻開始論述一個新的哲學出發點？

三、笛卡爾對於傳統（tradition）、改革（reformation）、革命（revolution）的看法如何？

四、對於心高氣傲目空一切的人跟過度謙卑追隨他人者，笛卡爾分別有何批評？

五、翻譯下列文句：Thus we see that buildings undertaken and completed by a single architect are usually more attractive and better planned than those which several have tried to patch up by adapting old walls built for different purposes. Again, ancient cities which have gradually grown from mere villages into large towns are usually ill-proportioned, compared with those orderly towns which planners lay out as they fancy on level ground.

六、翻譯：But regarding the opinions to which I had hitherto given credence, I thought that I could not do better than undertake to get rid of them, all at one go, in order to replace them afterwards with better ones, or with the same ones once I had squared them with the standards of reason. I firmly believed that in this way I would succeed in conducting my life much better than if I built only upon old foundations and relied only upon principles that I had accepted in my youth without ever examining whether they were true.

七、翻譯以下文字：My plan has never gone beyond trying to reform my own thoughts and construct them upon a foundation which is all my own. If I am sufficiently pleased with my work to present you with this sample of it, this does not mean that I would advise anyone to imitate it. Those on whom God has bestowed more of his favours will perhaps have higher aims; but I fear that even my aim may be too bold for many people. The simple resolution to abandon all the opinions one has hitherto accepted is not an example that everyone ought to follow.

八、在方法導論裡笛卡爾所提到的四個方法規則是什麼？