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[勞思光] [許國宏]  [呂健吉] [郭朝順] [黃冠閔] [伍至學] [龔維正] [陳振崑] [冀劍制]


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華梵大學哲學系西洋哲學史(四)期中考考題

2005,04,27-開書測驗

 

以下每題皆須作答:

一、洛克(John Locke)認為複雜觀念(complex ideas)是從三種不同的心靈作用(組合、比較、抽象)針對單純觀念作出來的,請分別說明,並舉例。15%

二、請比較洛克跟柏克萊(George Berkeley)對於「實體」(substance)的看法。15%

三、柏克萊舉出「神存在,因此,神知覺一切事物」(命題A)跟「感官事物實際存在著,如果感官事物實際存在的話,它們必然被一個無限心靈所知覺,因此,有一個無限心靈或神存在」(命題B),請分別寫出兩者的推論方式,並比較兩種命題的差別。15%

四、洛克認為:必然連結的觀念可以回溯到反省的印象中,此種印象在我們意願一個身體運動時就可以經驗到。但是,休姆(David Hume)反駁這個解釋,請問,休姆反駁的論證是如何進行的?試舉一個論證說明。15%

五、翻譯:

(1)    The mind comes to reflect on its own operations about the ideas got by sensation, and thereby stores itself with a new set of ideas, which I call ideas of reflection. 10% (Locke)

(2)    There are two sorts of ideas of substances:-- one of single substances, as they exist separately, as of a man or a sheep; the other of several of those put together, as an army of men, or flock of sheep. 10% (Locke)

(3)    If no idea can exist in an unperceiving substance, then it follows that no figure, or mode of extension, can be really inherent in Matter. 10%(Berkeley)

(4)    To me, there appear to be only three principles of connection among ideas, namely, Resemblance, Contiguity in time or place, and Cause or Effect. 10% (Hume)